Mary Oliver: The Body of the Poem

 

Our hymnbook Singing the Living Tradition, published in 1993, constitutes a truly remarkable resource for pithy, compact, eloquent, and moving pronouncements on matters of importance in our day to day lives and in the larger world.  The collection also brings the writers, famous and not so famous men and women, dead and alive, into our consciousness as fellow seekers, leaders, and thinkers.  In many cases each has had a hand in shaping our movement in the past or in the now.  Yet what a loss to us as religious explorers if all we know of these great men and women are the fragments of thought which pop up in orders of service on Sundays.  I was lucky enough to become acquainted with the poetry of Mary Oliver in the early eighties when my poet Dad was introducing her writing to budding young women writers.  I was just out of college.  All the Mary Oliver he owned then came into my collection when he died in 1993, perhaps a half-dozen slim volumes.  By that time everybody was beginning to notice her poems, the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award folks among them. 

If your experience has been anything like mine, you will have heard and read the Oliver selections in the hymnal often over your years in our churches.  If you haven’t, well then lucky you, you have a treat in store for you!  The three we all have at hand on Sunday mornings these days are truly outstanding examples of this poet’s work.  The poem “Wild Geese” is #490 in the section Meditations and Prayers.  Because it is arranged for responsive reading, we don’t very often hear this poem read as it was written, to be heard in the one voice the poet gives to human-goose-rain-earth, to the body of the poem:

Wild Geese

You do not have to be good.

You do not have to walk on your knees

for a hundred miles through the desert, repenting.

You only have to let the soft animal of your body

            love what it loves.

Tell me about despair, yours, and I will tell you mine.

Meanwhile the world goes on.

Meanwhile the sun and the clear pebbles of the rain

are moving across the landscapes,

over the prairies and the deep trees,

the mountains and the rivers.

Meanwhile the wild geese, high in the clean blue air,

are heading home again.

Whoever you are, no matter how lonely,

the world offers itself to your imagination,

calls to you like the wild geese, harsh and exciting—

over and over announcing your place

in the family of things.

                                    (New and Selected Poems, p. 110)

 

In the section in the hymnbook on “Seasons and Cycles,” # 536 is the entire text of “Morning Poem,” also arranged so as to make responsive reading an option.   In this poem, the poet’s voice makes a sanctuary of the promise of renewal each morning holds, sanctuary for even the heavy-hearted, “a prayer heard and answered/lavishly,/every morning,/whether or not/you have ever dared to be happy,/whether or not/you have ever dared to pray” (New and Selected Poems, p. 107).  The third Mary Oliver selection, included among “Benedictions and Closing Words” (#696), consists of the last nine lines of the poem “In Blackwater Woods,” a poem which takes up the common Oliver theme of the relationship between loss and salvation, the awful and awesome balance between the aching beauty of life and the certainty of its passing.  These lines are carved into the stone of the wall of our Memorial Garden.  They are profoundly healing words.  Last fall Fran Jacques interviewed me for one of those “new clergy” blurbs that is published periodically in the Annapolis paper.  These were the words I chose to represent my “favorite scripture”—a standard question in the format she uses.  The whole poem is a stunning portrait of autumn.  Here are the closing lines we know well:

To live in this world

you must be able

to do three things:

to love what is mortal;

to hold it

against your bones knowing

your own life depends on it;

and, when the time comes to let it go,

to let it go.

                        American Primitive (1983), p. 82

 

We Unitarian Universalists have included Mary Oliver in our canon, and the three poems we chose a decade ago do, in many respects, represent both her core principles and some of ours:

·        that our bodies are the bodies of animals which have a place in a larger family of creatures who love what they love.

           

·        that the earth and the living and inanimate beings upon it begin again each minute, each day, each year, each generation, regardless of… anything, and we proclaim the sacred continuously.

 

·        that what is mortal is astonishingly beautiful and deeply precious, both in the living and in the dying, in the having and the losing.

 

Hers is a rare voice among our UU resources proclaiming the paradoxical sacredness of living bodies—the seeing, hearing, fearing, killing & eating, fleeing & chasing, sleeping, grieving, loving flesh that dies and rots and is born anew into what seems an eternal arc of creation.  Since 1992, five new books of poems, prose poems, and prose compositions have appeared.  In this new body of writing, I have noticed a coalescence of thought about the relationship of the human body to the natural world as well as a shift in the poet’s priorities and interests. The excerpt from the poem “Rhapsody” which we read responsively just now is an example of this new movement in her thought.  It is this I want to explore that with you a little this morning.

The way I see the world and my identity and responsibility as an environmentalist have been deeply affected by my long evenings reading Mary Oliver’s poetry out loud to myself and whoever else would listen.  In her latest books Mary Oliver is writing about being in her sixties.  For a long, long time she has been going out every day, sometimes with beloved dogs and sometimes alone, in all kinds of weather, into the pine and oak forests and beaches, around the ponds and over the dunes, and through the swamps that are the features of the narrow low land at the tip of Cape Cod.  Provincetown, Massachusetts has been her heart home for decades, and paying close attention to what happens in nature there has been her consuming passion.  In an article in the photography magazine Aperture in 1998 she wrote: “In my outward appearance and life habits I hardly change—there’s never been a day that my friends haven’t been able to say, and at a distance, ‘There’s Oliver, still standing around in the weeds.  There she is, still scribbling in her notebook.”  But her inward appearance has been changing, it seems to me.  Her edges—the edges of her body-in-the-world and the edges of her soul—have been getting fuzzier as she feels herself entering, more and more, that which she sees and loves.  Often her body seems to merge with her subject and the two of them enter the body of the poem, as a third living, breathing entity. 

“Every poem I write,” (this is from the reflection at the top of your Order of Service) “must have a genuine body, it must have sincere energy, and it must have a spiritual purpose.” The observed and felt itself is captured in what she calls the “fluid and breathing body” of the poem, “not language but the content of language” (A Poetry Handbook, p.3).  Oliver’s poems do breathe.  The inspiration (like a gasp) is the remembering of the details of the experience; the expiration (like a sigh) is the blurring of the boundary between “us” and “them,” and the arising of another reality—union.  In a way this is not entirely new.  For example, in “The Fish”: “I opened his body and separated/ the flesh from the bones/and ate him. Now the sea/ is in me: I am the fish, the fish/ glitters in me; we are/ risen, tangled together, certain to fall/ back into the sea (New and Selected, p.165).  Of fish swallowed by gannets in “Gannets”: “I would still see it—/ how the fish simply escape, this time,/ or how they slide down into a black fire for a moment,/ then rise inseparable/ from the gannets’ wings (New and Selected, p. 29).”  Of Mary Oliver, falling asleep in the fields at night, and awakening to find herself nearly flower in “White Flowers”: Never in my life/ had I felt myself so near/ that porous line/ where my own body was done with/ and the roots and the stems and the flowers/began (New and Selected, p. 59).  But hear the change in this gorgeous poem from her latest book What Do We Know (2002).

One-Hundred White-sided Dolphins on a Summer Day

1.

Fat,

black, slick,

galloping in the pitch

of the waves, in the pearly

 

fields of the sea,

they leap towards us,

they rise, sparkling, and vanish, and rise sparkling,

they breathe little clouds of mist, they lift perpetual smiles,

 

they slap their tails on the waves, grandmothers and grandfathers

enjoying the old jokes,

they circle around us,

they swim with us—

 

2.

a hundred white-sided dolphins

on a summer day,

each one, as God himself

could not appear more acceptable

a hundred times,

in a body blue and black threading through

the sea foam,

and lifting himself up from the opened

 

tents of the waves on his fishtail,

to look

with the moon of his eye

into my heart,

 

3.

and find there

pure, sudden, steep, sharp, painful

gratitude

that falls—

 

I don’t know—either

unbearable tons

or the pale, bearable hand

of salvation

 

on my neck,

lifting me

from the boat’s plain plank seat

into the world’s

 

4.

unspeakable kindness. 

It is my sixty-third summer on earth

and, for a moment, I have almost vanished

into the body of the dolphin,

 

into the moon-eye of God,

into the white fan that lies at the bottom of the sea

with everything

that ever was, or ever will be,

 

supple, wild, rising on flank or fishtail—

singing or whistling or breathing damply through blowhole

at top of head.  Then, in our little boat, the dolphins suddenly gone,

we sailed on through the brisk, cheerful day.

                                                           

The poem is shaped like this [motion with hands away from body, double scalloped lines moving toward and away from each other].  This is one way of many it works to capture the dolphins’ movement through the water, the rhythm of their breathing—the details of what Oliver heard and saw and felt that day.  It captures the merging in the body of the poem.  Listen to this one from West Wind (1997):

Fox

You don’t ever know where

a sentence will take you, depending

on its roll and fold.  I was walking

over the dunes when I saw

the red fox asleep under the green

branches of the pine.  It flared up

in the sweet order of its being,

the tail that was over the muzzle

lifting in airy amazement

and the fire of the eyes followed

and the pricked ears and the thin

barrel body and the four

athletic legs in their black stockings and it

came to me how the polish of the world changes

everything, I was hot I was cold I was almost

dead of delight.  Of course the mind keeps

cool in its hidden palace—yes, the mind takes

a long time, is otherwise occupied than by

happiness, and deep breathing. 

Still, at last, it comes too, running

like a wild thing, to be taken

with its twin sister breath.  So I stood

on the pale, peach-colored sand, watching the fox

as it opened like a flower, and I began

softly, to pick among the vast assortment of words

that it should run again and again across the page

that you again and again should shiver with praise.

 

To “nearly die of delight” is to be enraptured, to be snatched up by a fierce and passionate love.  I am thinking of the excerpt from The Leaf and the Cloud called “Rhapsody” we read together earlier.  Lately, Mary Oliver has become more willing to speak publicly about her own life after years of shunning the curious and maintaining a more or less reclusive life observing and writing about life in the grasses and ponds and pitch pine forests near her home.  In recent work she has begun to write a little about her partner of thirty + years, Molly Malone Cook, to whom she has for a long time been dedicating her books.  Of that relationship she writes in Winter Hours: Prose, Prose poems, and Poems (1999):

We are happy, and we are lucky.  We make for each other: companionship, intimacy, affection, rhapsody.  Whenever I hear of something horrible, I want to cover [her] ears.  Whenever I see something beautiful, and my heart is shouting, it is [her] I run to, to tell about it.

 

Accompanying this new openness, poems have appeared in which human life and human love, human emotional needs and graces, find their way into the body of the poem and effect a reciprocal commentary on natural processes and the process of writing poems.  I think that her acknowledgement at last of the depth of love between humans has been instrumental in creating a spiritual shift for her.

“Rhapsody,” is a love poem—but a love poem of a different order, a love poem of many different orders.  The poem begins with seed heads and Time; a fox, at home under the roses; swimming muskrat, singing bluebird, and sleeping ant.  Where we began our shared reading, the poet “homes in” to speak from human relationship—partner to her partner.  I [indicating myself and paraphrasing the reading’s opening lines] am so busy with Emerson, the poet begins, but sometimes I look up, get up (“a person must”) and call your name [indicating congregation], “or maybe you whisper mine.” 

The poet asks if we have seen the rose buds which, “besieged /by another idea,” open “their wild faces” to “the bunched bee in the blossoms, doing its work, entering and emerging.”  We do this for one another here in this church, in worship, play, and work, moving in and out of one another’s hearts and minds, cross-pollinating, ensuring renewal and creativity.  I hear in this echoes of what she has written about Molly, about wanting to ease her way through life.  You may hear it too.  “[I]f you are sad, I will not dress myself in desolation./ I will present myself with all the laughters I can muster./ And if you are angry I will come, calm and steady, with/ some small and easy story.”  Do we not covenant to do this for one another, to offer what is needed for nurture and comfort?  We are the body of a poem; we contain this summer, these roses, these creatures.

In between these movements of the poem, there is a blessing of the body.  Whose body?  The body of the bee, for one, at least in the darting, in the little hairs.  The body of the rose, for two, in the fire, perhaps, but surely in the hips and mouth.  The human body, for sure, in every line, all our parts, even that famous opposable thumb. And—here is where I have seen Mary Oliver going in her latest poems—the Poem itself is embodied in this blessing: the typing/writing fingers, the mouth describer, the eyes which tell the truth, the feet (not for their moving!), and shoulders and spine for structuring the “whole story,” line and stanza.  The Poem itself has a body!  And all these bodies are imagined charged with that most sacred energy of Life—the energy of fire, of sensation, of sex, of art, of spirit, of truth, of “godly grip.”  We are asked to notice that the body of the observer (the poet), the body of the observed (rose, lover, goose, bee, fox, dolphin), and the “body” of a poem become one. 

A poem from the 1994 collection White Pine offers a vivid and moving example of this sublime alignment of bodies.  As you listen to this last poem, see how the poet becomes the fox becomes the poem, fluidly, compassionately, poignantly, hopefully.


I Found a Dead Fox
I found a dead fox
beside the gravel road,
curled inside the big
iron wheel

of an old tractor
that has been standing,
for years,
in the vines at the edge

of the road.
I don't know
what happened to it--
when it came there

or why it lay down
for good, settling
its narrow chin
on the rusted rim

of the iron wheel
to look out
over the fields,
and that way died--

but I know
this: its posture---
of looking,
to the last possible moment,

back into the world---
made me want
to sing something
joyous and tender

about foxes.
But what happened is this---
when I began,
when I crawled in

through the honeysuckle
and lay down,
curling my long spine
inside that cold wheel,

and touched the dead fox,
and looked out
into the wide fields,
the fox

vanished.
There was only myself
and the world,
and it was I

who was leaving.
And what could I sing
then?
Oh, beautiful world!

I just lay there
and looked at it.
And then it grew dark.
That day was done with.

And then the stars stepped forth
and held up their appointed fires---
those hot, hard
watchmen of the night.

 

I will close with this poem’s cry, “Oh, beautiful world!” ringing.  Of course Mary Oliver is an environmentalist.  She takes the most direct possible route to conservation.  She preserves the world in a poem, but more importantly she preserves the moments in which our bodies know that we are fundamentally one with that which we would destroy.  In the living breathing words she preserves the feeling of union and compassion.  Take this away with you into the day: the poems you write have a genuine body.  What?  You don’t write poetry?  Oh, I think you do.  Look for their bodies in your thoughts, in your words, in your dreams, in your art, in your garden, in the clouds, in the stream behind your house, and come through them to know your own body, its graces and its God.   Mary Oliver shows us how.

© Margaret H. Allen
April 13, 2003

 

Reading for 4/13/03 Sermon, “Mary Oliver: The Body of the Poem”

[From Mary Oliver’s essay “Winter Hours” in her book of “prose, prose poems, and poems” by the same name, published in 1999]

 

[I could not be a poet without the natural world….  For me the door to the woods is the door to the temple.  Under the trees, along the pale slopes of sand, I walk in ascendant relationship to rapture, and with words I celebrate this rapture.  I see, and dote upon, the manifest.]  In the act of writing the poem, I am obedient, and submissive.  Insofar as one can, I put aside ego and vanity, and even intention.  I listen.  What I hear is almost a voice, almost a language.  It is a second ocean, rising, singing into one’s ear, or deep inside the ears, whispering in the recesses where one is less oneself than a part of some single indivisible community. 

Persons environmentally inclined have suggested that I am one of them.  I don’t argue with them, but it’s not quite a fit.  My work doesn’t document any of the sane and learned arguments for saving, healing, and protecting the earth for our existence.  What I write begins and ends with the act of noticing and cherishing, and it neither begins nor ends with the human[ity]….  [T]he world makes a great distinction between kinds of life: human on the one hand, all else on the other hand.  Or it throws everything into two categories: animate, and inanimate.  Which are neither of them distinctions I care about….  What are divisions for, if you look into it, but to lay out a stratification—that is, to suggest where an appreciative or not so appreciative response is proper, to each of the many parts of our indivisible world?

When I came to a teachable age, I was, as most youngsters are, directed toward the acquisition of knowledge, meaning not so much ideas but demonstrated facts.  Education as I knew it was made up of such a pre-established collection of certainties.  Knowledge has entertained me and it has shaped me and it has failed me.  Something in me still starves.  In what is probably the most serious inquiry of my life, I have begun to look past reason, past the provable, in other directions.  Now I think there is only one subject worth my attention and that is the recognition of the spiritual side of the world and, within this recognition, the condition of my own spiritual state.  I am not talking about having faith necessarily, although one hopes to.  What I mean by spirituality is not theology, but attitude.  Such interest nourishes me beyond the finest compendium of facts.  In my mind now, in any comparison of demonstrated truths and unproven but vivid intuitions, the truths lose.

I would therefore write a kind of elemental poetry that doesn’t just avoid indoors but doesn’t even see the doors that lead inward—to laboratories, to textbooks, to knowledge.  I would not talk about the wind, and the oak tree, and the leaf on the oak tree, but on their behalf.  I would talk about the owl and the thunderstorm and the daffodil and the red-spotted newt as a company of spirits as well as bodies.  I would say that the fox stepping out over the snow has nerves as fine as mine, and a better courage.  I would write praise poems that might serve as comforts, reminders, or even cautions if needed, to wayward minds and unawakened hearts.

I would say that there exists a thousand unbreakable links between each of us and everything else, and that our dignity and out chances are one.  The farthest star and the mud at our feet are a family; and there is no decency or sense in honoring one thing, or a few things, and then closing the list.  The pine tree, the leopard, the Platte River, and ourselves—we are at risk together, or we are on our way to a sustainable world together.  We are each other’s destiny.

Mary Oliver, “Winter Hours,” in Winter Hours (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999) pp. 98-102 


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